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Two social classes

Proletariat (working class) – who sell their labour and don’t own production

Bourgeoisie – who own production and employ the proletariat.

------->Wealthy bourgeoisie – do not need to work

------->Petty bourgeoisie – employ others and also work themselves.

Marxism and The Media

Media producers maintain the status quo

Culture industries are profit motivated and often dumb down texts

Mass media is entertainment for the proletariats and often drip feeds them ideologies and beliefs which is also known as the hypodermic needle

Althusser

ISA works alongside the Repressive State Apparatuses to maintain the bourgeois ideologies of:

Religion

Education

Family values

Legal and political system

Political system

Cultural and communication systems

Eisenstein and montage
Eisenstein took a structurelist approach, arguing that cinema is designed to make the audience believe in capitalist propaganda and ideologies. Therefore in his films the narrative is shown through the montage.

Williams

Low culture...suitable for workers e.g. films, TV

High culture...for the bourgeoisie, e.g. ballet, opera, theatre